Learn · Configure · Explore

Hardware emulation

Understand the CPU, memory and timed components that reproduce the console.

Understand the CPU, memory and timed components that reproduce the console.

Follow a game from cartridge bytes through CPU execution and timed hardware events to pixels and sound.

Decode an instruction, follow registers and flags, and see how execution meets memory and timing.

Explore the memory map, register side effects, access widths, wait states and open-bus behaviour.

See how scheduled events, bus transfers and interrupt requests coordinate the machine.

Build a scanline from tiles, sprites, priorities and blending, then follow the frame to the screen.

Trace sound from PSG channels and timer-driven FIFOs through mixing and host audio buffers.

Understand ROM access, SRAM, Flash and EEPROM protocols, plus cartridge clocks and sensors.

Trace a controller press into keypad registers and learn how serial transfers differ from online play.

Understand startup state, BIOS service calls and the difference between a real BIOS and its replacement.